
Beschreibung Fiat Money Inflation in France: How a First World Nation Destroyed Its Economy and Led to the Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. Early in the year 1789 the French nation found itself in deep financial embarrassment; and this was speedily followed by calls for an issue of paper money. By August 1, 1795, some six years later, the gold 25 francs coin was worth in paper, 920 francs; on September 1st, 1,200 francs; on November 1st, 2,600 francs; on December 1st, 3,050 francs. In February, 1796, it was worth 7,200 francs or one franc in gold was worth 288 francs in paper. Prices of all commodities went up nearly in proportion. This story, of how a first world nation turned to paper money and destroyed itself, its people and its economy in the process, even arguably setting in motion the rise to power of Napoleon Bonaparte, is told in this book by Andrew Dickson White, academic, ambassador and author. As ever, history remains our best guide of what the future holds, and, considering our Fiat money system today, sounds a warning call that should be heeded.
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Biography for Kids: Napoleon Bonaparte ~ Occupation: Emperor of France Born: August 15, 1769 at Ajaccio, Corsica, France Died: May 5, 1821 at St. Helena, United Kingdom Best known for: A brilliant military commander, conquered much of Europe Nickname: Little Corporal Biography: Where did Napoleon grow up? Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769 in the city of Ajaccio on the island of Corsica.
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The French Revolution, Its Outcome, and Legacy ~ Over the next decade and a half, he could consolidate power domestically as he led France in a series of military victories across much of Europe, declaring himself emperor of France in 1804. During his reign, Bonaparte continued the liberalization that had begun during the Revolution, reforming its civil code, establishing the first national bank, expanding public education, and investing .
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American growth and inequality since 1700 / VOX, CEPR ~ The international research team led by Atkinson et al. (2011) has charted the dramatic 20th century fall and rise of top incomes in countries around the world, including the US. However, until now evidence was not available for before WWI. Thus, there is still no history of American income inequality for the two centuries before WWI, aside from a few informed guesses. We now supply that .
Gold Standard - Econlib ~ National money and other forms of money (bank deposits and notes) were freely converted into gold at the fixed price. England adopted a de facto gold standard in 1717 after the master of the mint, Sir Isaac Newton, overvalued the guinea in terms of silver, and formally adopted the gold standard in 1819. The United States, though formally on a bimetallic (gold and silver) standard, switched to .
Nixon Ends Convertibility of US Dollars to Gold and ~ Nixon Ends Convertibility of US Dollars to Gold and Announces Wage/Price Controls August 1971. With inflation on the rise and a gold run looming, President Richard Nixon's team enacted a plan that ended dollar convertibility to gold and implemented wage and price controls, which soon brought an end to the Bretton Woods System.
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